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New Hole Disease of Nishikigoi
The All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association
With regard to the above disease which has caused an anxiety since last year.
We are pleased to inform you that prevention and cure for this disease have gradually been disclosed.
Although there are still some vague points such as cause of disease that has not been defined yet, we wish to give you some information about this disease based on the facts which we have got up to now so that you will be able to buy and sell Nishikigoi without anxiety and also to exhibit at the show .
This information was made with cooperation give by Veterinarian, Dr. Toshihisa Oguma, of Niigata Veterinarian Association, and Niigata Prefectual Inland Water Experiment Station .
I. The Features of This Disease
The disease part appears on fins, joints of the fins, lips, etc. where the disease cannot be found easily at a glance though it also appears on the jaw as shown on the photos.
Also, another feature of the disease which differs from the usual hole disease is that small Koi such as those bred this year also suffer from this disease and when kept in the warm heated pond during winter, the higher the temperature of water is, the sooner the disease progresses.
Irrespective of the size of the diseased part this disease causes fish to die.
When a diseased fish is in a pond with other fish, other fish will be infected with this disease, and also the antibacterial medicine with is usually used is not effective to this disease.
Also, in case of big fish, there is a case when it took 2 weeks till the symptoms of this disease appear when the water temperature was over 20 C. from the time it was infected, and one month from the symptoms appeared till it died.
II. Cure
Method of cure for the disease has been found and it has been possible to cure considerably serious but it takes about one month and the value of appreciation decreases because of a sequel, etc. even if the disease was cured. So, the detection of the disease in its early stage is very important. In case you feel there is a danger of suffering from the disease when you are moving fish or when you purchased fish, pt Koi in a vinyl bag and watch each part of the fish in order to detect the disease in its early stage. When no anchor worm has been found and still a piece of scale is rubefacient or congested, or if the tip of the fin is bleeding and lost, there is a suspicion of suffering from the disease. If only a small symptom is confirmed, give medical treatment with medicines for animals or fish medicines as instructed by a veterinarian and cure the disease at an early stage.
This is a case that the fish was found to have suffered from the disease from a piece of unusual scale, but when picked up, another diseased part was found underneath of the pectoral fin. By finding the disease at an early stage, the fish may keep its value for appreciation.
*Diseased fish which seems to have symptoms of early stage of New Hole Disease.
(Photo presented by Veterinarian Dr Masaaki Hasegawa)
A. Cure by Oral Administration of Medicine
This method is good when the fish are kept in the garden pond or breeding pond and all the fish are treated as a group. Even when one fish was found suffering from this disease, the possibility of infecting to all the fish is very high and so , give medical treatment to all the fish in the pond.
1) In case Enrofloxacin - an antibiotic substance for animals, Difloxacin are used.
Enrofloxacin liquid 0.005ml ~ 0.01ml Difloxacin soluble powder 0.005g Absorb them to 80-50% of pellet food of the quantity usually fed. When the quantity of medicine is little, ass water to make the quantity of Enrofloxacin with water to about 10% of the food, and for Difloxacin, dissolve it with a quantity of water equal to 10% of fish food and adsorb it to the fish food and make it dry.
-The dosage of medicine per day per 1 kg of fish weight:
Fish bred this year. There are loss of the operculum, ulcer, and symptom on the mouth are seen.
-Drying should be done in a cool place where no sunshine comes in as this medicine is resolved by ultra violet rays, and after drying, it is good to coat the surface of the food with food oil or honey so that the fish may eat the food will and to prevent chemicals from flowing out.
-Dose for 5-7 days
In case of 1,000 fish, average weight per fish:100g , usual feeding quantity of food per day: quantity of food per day: 2kg ( 2% of fish weight ) Calculation of dosage per day: Gross fish weight = number of fish x average weight (kg) = 1,000x 0.1 =100 (kg) Dosage of Enrofloxacin = gross fish weight (kg) x 0.005~0.01(ml) = 1,000x0.05~ 0.01 =0.5 ~1(ml) Dosage of Difloxacin =gross fish weight (kg) x 0.005 (g) =100x0.005=0.5(g) The quantity of fish food to be fed per day =50% of ordinary quantity per day =1kg x0.1 = 100 (ml) *From the above calculation, put 0.5~ 1ml of Enrofloxacin or 0.5g of Difloxacin to water of 100ml and churn it. The, adsorb it to 1kg of food equally using a spray and dry it. * It is desirable to prepare the quantity for one day a day in advance and to give it next day .
Fish bred this year. Loss of the dorsal fins and caudal fins and ulcer on the lower jaw are seen.
2) In case of using Florfenicol 2% of fish medicine
Use this medicine when the disease is not so serious or when it is not sure if the disease is really the New Hole Disease.
The dosage pre day is 0.5ml per 1kg of fish weight and adsorb it to 80-50% of fish food usually fed, but when the quantity of medicine is little, dilute it with food oil to make the quantity about 10% of food quantity, and adsorb it to the food equally. It is desirable to prepare the food with medicine a day before and feed the next day.
Does for 5 days.
In case of 10 fish, average weight per fish: 1Kg, and usual feeding quantity of food per day: 200g ( 2% of fish weight )
Calculation of dosage per day:
Gross fish weight per fish = 10x1= 10kg
Dosage = gross fish weight (kg) x 0.5 (ml) =5(ml)
50% of ordinary feeding quantity of food per day =100g
Oil to be added to dilute the medicine =10% of food —quantity of medicine = 100x 0.1 =10-5=5ml
From the above calculation, put 5ml oil and Florfenicol together and sir it, dilute it and adsorb medicine well.
B. Cure by Injection
This method is good when the diseased fish is isolated from other fish to be cured .
-Wrap the diseased fish in vinyl bag and inject medicine to the inside between scales and skin by slanting injecting needle from outside of the vinyl bag.
-Dosage of injection
Enrofloxacin 2.5% injection ( for animals) 0.2-0.4ml/kg of fish weight at a time
Enrofloxacin 5% injection (for animals) 0.1-0.2ml/kg of fish weight
Part of the body of injection:
Injection should be made in the muscle between behind part of dorsal fin and caudal peduncle. After injection when the needle is take out, press the injected part for a few seconds so that the medicine may not leak out.
Change the injection point every day. Don't inject at the same point.
Frequency of injection: once per day, for 3-5 days
(The description on medical treatment by antibiotic for animals was from knowledge and information by Veterinarian Dr. Masaaki Hasegaea and partly quoted from the lecture regarding "New type of erythema skin disease (hole disease)" made in 1997 by Veterinarian Dr. T. Oguma of Niigata Prefectural Veterinarian Association.)
(Caution)
Antibiotic for animals is prohibited to use without veterinarians' prescription and instructions. So, consult the nearest veterinarian and keep strictly the dosage and period of dosing as instructed when using the antibiotic as there are still many unknown parts such as poisonous characters or ill effects on Koi.
Adult fish
The loss and the ulcer are seen on the body, joint of the dorsal fin, the operculum, and also the disease appears on the tip of the pectoral fin and the mouth.
C. Cure be Application of an Ointment
Disinfectant for human wounds such as Iodine Tincture, Providone-iodine can be used to disinfect the diseased hole part of seriously diseased fish. This should be done together with oral administration or infection.
Applying Method:
Fish of 2 years old Adult fish
Loss of the dorsal and caudal fins and the disease appeared in the body are seen.
Diseased part of the ulcer appeared on the mouth and under the jaw
III. Prevention
When you purchase Koi or move Koi to exhibit at the show, if you feel there is a possibility of suffering from hole disease, give fish medical bathing in for aquarium tank with fish medicine. When a lot of fish must be treated, give Florfenicol together with fish food.
In case of using Miloxacin for medical bathing
Use 30g to 1m3 of water, but this medicine does not dissolve in the water as it is. So add Bicarbonate Soda in quantity of of Miloxacin and also add salt for medical bathing. After medical bathing of the above, in order to prevent disease by parasites such as ‘epistylis’, etc., add Trichlorfon, Malachite Green and salt for medical bathing.
Please refer to the following table as to the quantity of medicines.
Water
Miloxacin
Bicarbonate Soda
Salt
1m3
30g
10g
5kg
500L
15
5
2.5
200L
6
2
1
100L
3
1
0.5
Trichlorofon
Malachite Green
0.3-0.5g
0.3g
0.15-0.25
0.15
0.06-0.1
0.06
0.03-0.05
0.03
Mix Miloxacin and Bicarbonate Soda with water in a bucket and put into aquarium tank. Then, stir the water in the tank so that the medicines are equally mixed.
*Put Koi in the above tank for medical bathing for 2 days keeping the water temperature at 20-25oC.
Miloxacin may cloud the water when dissolving it in the tank, but if there is no change in Koi, continue medical treatment as it is.
(Caution)
After medical bathing of Miloxacin finished, drain the water with medicine completely and put the new water with Trichlorfon and Malachite Green in the tank and put the Koi in it for medical bathing for the period of 3 days.
At present prevention and cure are possible and the disease seems to have calmed down. However, there are still many unknown points such as source of the disease, condition of infection, etc. We will tie up with the related research institutes and try to expedite clarifying those problems so that all of you will be able to enjoy keeping Nishikigoi with any anxiety. In future we are think of holding a lecture meeting, delivering text books on fish diseases and wish to convey ‘Fish Disease Information’ to you as quickly as possible based on latest study and knowledge.
As there are cases when fish dies if Miloxacin and vermicide are mixed, give medical treatment by Miloxacin separately from prevention of parasite.
Measure accurately the quantity of water and medicines in the tank.
As the medicines are analyzed by light, keep out of the light during medical bathing.
During medical bathing give enough aeration so that the oxygen may not be short.
After medical bathing don't throw the used medical liquid to a river. Throw it to the drainage which can dispose of the used water
Though it is a little bit late to report, we are pleased to submit the information regarding ‘New Hole Disease’ and the measure for it.
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